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  • The Hammered Dulcimer
  • History and Playing
  • Making a Hammer Dulcimer
  • Selected Reading

The Hammered Dulcimer

A Selected Bibliography of Hammered and Plucked Dulcimers and Related Instruments

Boone, Hubert. "De Hommel in de Lage Landen." Brussels Museum of Musical Instruments Bulletin 5 (1975): 9-153.

Bryan, Charles Faulkner. "The Hammered Dulcimer." Tennessee Folklore Society Bulletin 18 (June, 1952): 43-7.

Cox, Esther. "The Original Dulcimer Players Club." Mugwumps 5 (Summer, 1977): 9.

De Hen, Ferdinand J. "Folk Instruments of Belgium: Part I." Galpin Society Journal 25 (July, 1972): 87-132.

Gifford, Paul. "Development of the Hammer Dulcimer." Mugwumps 3 (September, 1974): 19-23.

Groce, Nancy. The Hammered Dulcimer. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1973.

_____. "The Hammered Dulcimer in America." Michigan State Historical Society's Chronicle, Winter, 1975.

Hanks, Sarah E. "Pantaleon's Pantalon: An Eighteenth-Century Musical Fashion." Musical Quarterly 55 (April, 1969): 215-28.

Hasluck, Paul Nooncree. Violins and Other Stringed Instruments: How to Make Them. London: Cassell & Co., 1914.

Holmes, Michael I., ed. The Hammer Dulcimer Compendium. Silver Spring, MD: Mugwumps' Magazine/MIH Publications, 1977.

Marcuse, Sibyl. Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary. 1964. Reprint. New York: Dover, 1975. See entries for "Appalachian Dulcimer," "Dulcimer," "Humle," "Hummel," "Langleik," and "Scheitholt."

Mitchell, Howard W. The Hammered Dulcimer. 3d ed. Sharon, CT: Folk Legacy Record Co., 1971. Book-and-record set.

______. The Mountain Dulcimer: How to Make It and Play It (After a Fashion). Huntington, VT: Folk Legacy Records, 1966. Record and booklet.

Odell, Scott. "The Appalachian Dulcimer." In The 1968 Festival of American Folk Life, 30-1. Washington, DC: Office of Folklife Programs, Smithsonian Institution, 1968.

Panum, Hortense. "The Scheitholt Family." In The Stringed Instruments of the Middle Ages: Their Evolution and Development, 263-91. Translated, edited and revised by Jeffrey Pulver. 1939. Reprint. New York: Da Capo Press, 1971.

Randel, Don Michael, ed. The New Harvard Dictionary of Music. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1986.

Ritchie, Jean. The Dulcimer Book. New York: Oak Publications, 1963.

Rizzetta, Sam. Hammer Dulcimer: History and Playing. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1972.

______. Making a Hammer Dulcimer. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1972.

______. "The Hammered Dulcimer." Mugwumps 2 (November, 1973): 8-11.

Sackett, S.J. "The Hammered Dulcimer in Ellis County, Kansas." Journal of the International Folk Music Council 14 (1962): 61-4.

Sadie, Stanley and Tyrrell, John, eds. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 29 vols. London, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Seeger, Charles. "The Appalachian Dulcimer." Journal of American Folklore 71 (January-March 1958): 40-51.

Smith, L. Allen. "Toward a Reconstruction of the Development of the Appalachian Dulcimer." Journal of American Folklife 93 (1980).

Wilfried Ulrich, The Story of the Hummel, Cloppenburg, 2011

_____. A Catalogue of Pre-Revival Appalachian Dulcimers. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1983.


Prepared by the Division of Music, Sports
and Entertainment in cooperation with Public Inquiry Services, Smithsonian Institution


Appalachian Dulcimer, used by Richard Fariña

Dulcimer "Tang-Ch'In"

Chinese Dulcimer "Yang-Ch'In"

Plucked Dulcimer and Case used by Jean Ritchie

Appalachian Dulcimer and Case, used by Richard Fariña

Musical-Instrument, "Santoor" or "Santur"

Dulcimer (Yang-Ch'In)


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