Object Details
School/Tradition
Company school
Label
For the British men and women who went to India, the study of natural history was both scientific inquiry and fashionable pastime. They trained Indian artists, often skilled court painters seeking new patronage, to record the country's flora and fauna with scientific precision.
The elegantly composed watercolor of a bat was commissioned by Major James Nathaniel Rind (died 1814) of the Eighteenth Native Infantry. The artist, whose name is unknown, masterfully captured the bat's downy fur and delicate veins as he transformed the Asian false vampire bat's fierce appearance into one of quite charming appeal.
Provenance
Ca. 1790-1814
James Nathaniel Rind (baptized 1753-1814), commissioned from an unidentified artist in Calcutta (Kolkata), India [1]
1814-1971
Mrs. S. Richardson and Mrs. S. M. Norman, by descent from James Nathaniel Rind [2]
1971
Sale, Sotheby’s, London, England, “Oriental Manuscripts and Miniatures,” July 13, 1971, lot 35 [3]
1971-?
Sven Gahlin (1934-2017), purchased at July 13, 1971, Sotheby’s Sale, London, England [4]
?-1993
Andrew Kahane, Ltd. (established 1986), New York, NY, method of acquisition unknown [5]
1993
Sale, Sotheby’s, New York, NY, “Indian and Southeast Asian Art,” June 17, 1993, lot 169 [6]
From 1993
Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, purchased from Andrew Kahane, Ltd. at June 17, 1993, Sotheby’s Sale, New York, NY [7]
Notes:
[1] See the collector’s inscription, “JNR [James Nathaniel Rind] 35,” on verso. James Nathaniel Rind commissioned this painting in India and brought it with him to United Kingdom. The painting remained in Rind’s family until 1971.
James Nathaniel Rind (baptized 1753-1814) was a British Major in the 18th Regiment of the Bengal Native Infantry in India. Rind was born in Saint Ninians, Stirlingshire, Scotland to William Rind (1733-?) of Saint Ninians, Stirlingshire, Scotland, and Jean Don (1733-1814). He was stationed in India from 1778 until 1801 and he was employed for survey duty between 1785 and 1789. Rind was furloughed from 1801 until his retirement in January 1804. In September 1804, he married Anne Evans (1774-1855) of London, England at Saint James Church, Piccadilly (known also as Saint James Church, Westminster) in London. Other works commissioned
by Rind may now be found in private collections and in institutions such as, the British Museum, Harvard Art Museum, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Princeton University Art Museum. See Vernon Charles Paget Hodson, “List of the Officers of the Bengal Army, 1758-1834,” Part 3, (London: 1927-1947), pp. 658-659.
[2] See Sotheby’s, “Catalogue of Oriental Manuscripts and Miniatures” [auction catalogue], (London: Sotheby’s, July 13, 1971), lot 35. Object is described as, “A Bat with large ears, grey body, pale brown wings, and pink legs and arms, the animal posed with wings outspread to display the underside.” Lots 1 through 48 are described as bring the “Property of Mrs. S. Richardson and Mrs. S. M. Norman.” The purchase list indicates that this object (lot 35) was purchased by “Sven Gahlin.”
[3] See note 2.
[4] See note 2.
Sven Gahlin (1934-2017) was a dealer, collector, and art historian based in London, England. In 1956, Gahlin started began his career as an assistant to the German-born art dealer Francis Matthiessen (formerly Franz Zatzenstein or Franz Matthiessen-Zatzenstein) (1897-1963) in London and established his own company, Sven Gahlin, Ltd. (active 1963-2018), in 1963. Gahlin’s gallery initially focused on Old Master drawing, but later specialized in the sale of Indian miniature painting. Gahlin amassed a personal collection of Indian miniatures from the Mughal, Deccani, Rajput and Pahari courts, as well as Company School paintings. He was also a collector of Greek and Roman coins and British tokens. Objects from his private collection of Indian miniatures were sold at public auctions through Sotheby’s London office in 2015.
[5] See invoice from Andrew Kahane, Ltd., issued by Andrew Kahane, dated June 18, 1993, copy in object file. Object is described as, “An Indian Watercolor of a Bat, Company School.”
Andrew Kahane, Ltd. (established 1986) in New York, NY is an independent specialist of Chinese ceramics and art and Indian and Southeast Asian sculpture.
[6] See Sotheby’s, “Indian and Southeast Asian Art” [auction catalogue], (New York, NY: Sotheby’s, June 17, 1993), lot 169, ill. Object is described as, “A Bat with Large Ears, Company School, Calcutta, circa 1790.”
See also invoice number 6440 010 from Sotheby’s, New York, copy in object file.
[7] See Arthur M. Sackler, “Acquisition Consideration Form,” approved on June 23, 1993, copy in object file.
Research updated August 21, 2023
Collection
National Museum of Asian Art Collection
Exhibition History
Changing Tastes: Indian Paintings of the 18th and 19th Century (December 17, 2000 to July 15, 2001)
Previous custodian or owner
Commissioned by Major James Nathaniel Rind (baptized 1753, died 1814)
Mrs. S. Richardson
Mrs. S. M. Norman
Sven Gahlin (1934-2017)
Andrew Kahane, Ltd. (established 1986)
Credit Line
Purchase — Smithsonian Unrestricted Trust Funds
Date
ca. 1790
Accession Number
S1993.40
Restrictions & Rights
Usage conditions apply
Type
Painting
Medium
Watercolor on paper
Dimensions
H x W (overall): 41.9 x 52.1 cm (16 1/2 x 20 1/2 in)
Origin
Kolkata (Calcutta), West Bengal state, India
Related Online Resources
Google Arts & Culture
See more items in
National Museum of Asian Art
Data Source
National Museum of Asian Art
Topic
bat
India
South Asian and Himalayan Art
Link to Original Record
Record ID
fsg_S1993.40